The article offers information on a study according to which Neoteny in humans is the retention of juvenile features into adulthoodandis exaggerated compared to that in non-human primates. It mentions that MCPH1 is a key gene regulating brain development in humans, and its truncate mutations can cause primary microcephaly. It informs that MCPH1 knockout in mice and monkeys can recapitulate the microcephaly phenotype.