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- Title
"A Black Woman and Proud.".
- Authors
Rushing, Lawrence H.
- Abstract
In 2006 Effa Manley became the first woman to be honored with induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame for her excellence as a business manager of the Negro National League's Newark Eagles from 1935-1948. Although she had always lived her life as an African American, six years before she died, she publicly announced for the first time that both of her parents were Caucasian and therefore she was "really white." This revelation caused a controversy at the time of Manley's induction ceremony over whether she should be considered the first white woman or the first black woman to be inducted into the Hall of Fame. This paper explores how Manley viewed her racial identity throughout her lifetime. The larger issue of the paper is to shed light on the meaning and definition of race in American society.
- Subjects
UNITED States; MANLEY, Effa; NEWARK Eagles (Baseball team); NEGRO leagues; RACE discrimination in sports; NATIONAL Baseball Hall of Fame &; Museum; BASEBALL team owners; HISTORY
- Publication
Black Ball: A Journal of the Negro Leagues, 2011, Vol 4, Issue 2, p17
- ISSN
1939-8484
- Publication type
Biography
- DOI
10.3172/BLB.4.2.17