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- Title
Inflammatory events during murine squamous cell carcinoma development.
- Authors
Helena Gasparoto, Thais; Ervolino de Oliveira, Carine; Thomazini de Freitas, Luisae Freita; Ramos Pinheiro, Claudia; Nalio Ramos, Rodrigo; Luis da Silva, Andr‚; Pompermaier GarletGustavo Pompermaier Garlet, Gustavo; Santana da Silva, JoÆova; Campanelli, Ana Paula
- Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common human cancers worldwide. In SCC, tumour development is accompanied by an immune response that leads to massive tumour infiltration by inflammatory cells, and consequently, local and systemic production of cytokines, chemokines and other mediators. Studies in both humans and animal models indicate that imbalances in these inflammatory mediators are associated with cancer development. Methods: We used a multistage model of SCC to examine the involvement of elastase (ELA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, TGF-β and TNF-α), and neutrophils and macrophages in tumour development. ELA and MPO activity and NO, IL-10, IL -17, TNF--α and TGF-β levels were increased in the precancerous microenvironment. Results: ELA and MPO activity and NO, IL-10, IL -17, TNF--α and TGF-β levels were increased in the precancerous microenvironment. Significantly higher levels of IL-6 and lower levels of IL-10 were detected at 4 weeks following 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treatment. Similar levels of IL-13 were detected in the precancerous microenvironment compared with control tissue. We identified significant increases in the number of GR-1+ neutrophils and F4/80+/GR-1- infiltrating cells in tissues at 4 and 8 weeks following treatment and a higher percentage of tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) expressing both GR-1 and F4/80, an activated phenotype, at 16 weeks. We found a significant correlation between levels of IL-10, IL-17, ELA, and activated TAMs and the lesions. Additionally, neutrophil infiltrate was positively correlated with MPO and NO levels in the lesions. Conclusion: Our results indicate an imbalance of inflammatory mediators in precancerous SCC caused by neutrophils and macrophages and culminating in pro-tumour local tissue alterations.
- Subjects
SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma; INFLAMMATION; LABORATORY mice; NITRIC oxide; CYTOKINES; NEUTROPHILS
- Publication
Journal of Inflammation, 2012, Vol 9, Issue 1, p46
- ISSN
1476-9255
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/1476-9255-9-46