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- Title
Graded Atmospheres of Volatile Pyrethroid Overlaid on Host Cues Can Be Established and Quantified Within a Novel Flight Chamber for Mosquito Behavior Studies.
- Authors
Seavey, Corey E; Doshi, Mona; Colamarino, Angelo; Kim, Brian N; Dickerson, Andrew K; Willenberg, Bradley J
- Abstract
Spatial repellents are emerging as a promising approach to reduce vector-disease burden; however, the evolution of genetically resistant mosquitoes decreases repellent efficacy. The development of flight chambers to investigate spatial repellent application techniques is vital for sustainable mosquito control. We present an air-dilution chamber as a novel bioassay to study mosquito flight behavior responses to chemical gradients of the volatile, pyrethroid transfluthrin (TF). Air dilution was used to simulate a larger environment of stable concentration gradients verified with carbon dioxide (CO2) which was homogenously delivered and measured across the chamber to achieve a 5× inlet/outlet [CO2] ratio with 0.17 m/s outlet velocity. Female Aedes (Ae.) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae, Linnaeus, 1762) were exposed to volatilized TF paired with heat, CO2, and Biogents-Sweetscent host-cues. Tandem solvent extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SE-GC-MS) was used to quantify air samples taken during TF emanations with a limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 2 ± 1 and 5 ± 2 parts-per-trillion (ppt) TF, respectively. Homogenous air diluted emanation of the spatial repellent TF was at least twice that of the 5× CO2 gradient with the same air flow in the chamber. The airborne TF concentrations the mosquitoes were exposed to range from 1 to 170 ppt. Video recordings of mosquito behavior during host-cues exposure revealed increased inlet activity, while exposure to TF protected host resulted in decreased inlet activity over time with inlet-outlet mosquito positional variation. This novel flight chamber design can simulate 'long'-range exposure with simultaneous quantitation of airborne spatial repellent to understand dose-dependent effects on mosquito behavior.
- Subjects
MOSQUITOES; PYRETHROIDS; INSECTICIDE resistance; MOSQUITO control; AIR flow; AEDES; AEDES aegypti; CONCENTRATION gradient
- Publication
Environmental Entomology, 2023, Vol 52, Issue 2, p197
- ISSN
0046-225X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ee/nvad007