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- Title
Premorbid Risk Factors and Acute Injury Characteristics of Sport-Related Concussion Across the National Collegiate Athletic Association: Findings from the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium.
- Authors
Memmini, Allyssa K.; Mosesso, Kelly M.; Perkins, Susan M.; Brett, Benjamin L.; Pasquina, Paul F.; McAllister, Thomas W.; McCrea, Michael A.; Broglio, Steven P.; CARE Consortium Investigators; Hoy, April; Kelly, Louise A.; Ortega, Justus D.; Port, Nicholas; Susmarski, Adam; Estevez, Carlos; Cameron, Kenneth L.; Giza, Christopher C.; Buckley, Thomas; Kaminski, Thomas W.; Clugston, James R.
- Abstract
Background: Previous sport-related concussion research highlights post-injury characteristics that influence recovery trajectories; however, there is limited information regarding premorbid factors that affect sport-related concussion risk. Objective: We aimed to (a) compare premorbid demographic factors among a large cohort of collegiate student athletes who did or did not sustain a sport-related concussion and (b) assess differences in acute injury characteristics based on biological sex and contact level. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of university student athletes from 22 sports enrolled in the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium study from 2014 to 2021 (n = 1804 student athletes with sport-related concussions; n = 21,702 student athletes without sport-related concussions). Results: Statistical analyses indicated student athletes who self-identified as Black (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 1.81) or multiracial (OR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.10, 1.59) demonstrated greater odds of experiencing sport-related concussions than White-identifying student athletes. Additional findings suggest male athletes (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.20, 1.81) and contact sport student athletes (OR = 1.40; 95% CI 1.16, 1.70) may be at increased odds for sport-related concussions if they were previously diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder. Notable post-injury characteristics across sexes included differences in the incident loss of consciousness (male: 5.9%, female: 2.6%; p < 0.001), post-traumatic amnesia (male: 13.6%, female: 5.1%; p < 0.001), and retrograde amnesia (male: 6.8%, female: 2.8%; p < 0.001). A greater proportion of contact-sport student athletes experienced an altered mental status (52.7%) than limited contact (36.2%) and non-contact (48.6%) [p < 0.001]. Last, student athletes participating at lower contact levels were more likely to have a longer delay in removal from activity following injury (contact: 73.6 ± 322.2 min; limited contact: 139.1 ± 560.0 min; non-contact: 461.4 ± 1870.8 min; p = 0.005). Conclusions: The present study provides contemporary pre- and post-sport-related concussion injury characteristics using a considerably sized cohort of collegiate student athletes. These findings support previous work suggesting sport-related concussion results in complex individualized clinical presentations, which may influence management strategies.
- Subjects
ATHLETIC ability &; psychology; BRAIN concussion diagnosis; COLLEGE athletes; ACADEMIC medical centers; CONFIDENCE intervals; SPORTS injuries; SPORTS; LOSS of consciousness; RISK assessment; SEX distribution; COMPARATIVE studies; PSYCHOSOCIAL factors; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; RESEARCH funding; ODDS ratio; LONGITUDINAL method; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research; MENTAL illness; DISEASE complications
- Publication
Sports Medicine, 2023, Vol 53, Issue 7, p1457
- ISSN
0112-1642
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s40279-023-01830-3