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- Title
Electrodialysis Technology for Water Softening Regarding Water Equilibrium.
- Authors
Bachiri, Basma; Ayyoub, Hafida; Tahaikt, Mustapha; Hafsi, Mahmoud; Elmidaoui, Azzedine; Taky, Mohamed
- Abstract
Electrodialysis (ED) and the continuous evolution of ion exchange membranes are one of the reasons behind its diverse applications. Known to be a high-water recovery process with limited uses of chemicals gives it the advantage of sustainable treatment technology. Water softening plays a major role in water industry; it can ensure clean, safe, and efficient water use but it affects water equilibrium. Mainly the lack of calcium carbonate causes a real issue in water distribution networks made of concrete, pipes, and reservoirs by decreasing their lifetime. This paper addresses the selectivity of softening using ED to reduce the negative impact of water hardness and to maintain both the quality and equilibrium of water. This latter should be neither too hard nor too soft, and the calco-carbonic equilibrium is of major interest. In this work, ED operations were carried out at a laboratory scale using different water initial concentrations. The propensity of the water towards calcium carbonate scaling was addressed by monitoring the Langelier saturation index (LSI) generally used to assess water scaling potential. At a demineralization rate (DR) of 80%, all the dilutes obtained from all the feed water reached the status of soft water. ED gave good results in terms of hardness reduction, and LSI corresponded to the equilibrium state at a DR of 40% in all the cases studied.
- Subjects
WATER softening; ELECTRODIALYSIS; SUSTAINABILITY; ION-permeable membranes; WATER hardness; WATER distribution
- Publication
Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. ), 2024, Vol 49, Issue 6, p8021
- ISSN
2193-567X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s13369-023-08624-9