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- Title
1,5-Anhydroglucitol in saliva is a noninvasive marker of short-term glycemic control.
- Authors
Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O; Selim, Mohammed M El-Din; Takiddin, Ahmed H; Al-Homsi, Hala; Al-Mahmoud, Khoulood A S; Al-Obaidli, Amina; Zirie, Mahmoud A; Rowe, Jillian; Yousri, Noha A; Karoly, Edward D; Kocher, Thomas; Sekkal Gherbi, Wafaa; Chidiac, Omar M; Mook-Kanamori, Marjonneke J; Abdul Kader, Sara; Al Muftah, Wadha A; McKeon, Cindy; Suhre, Karsten
- Abstract
<bold>Context: </bold>In most ethnicities at least a quarter of all cases with diabetes is assumed to be undiagnosed. Screening for diabetes using saliva has been suggested as an effective approach to identify affected individuals.<bold>Objective: </bold>The objective of the study was to identify a noninvasive metabolic marker of type 2 diabetes in saliva.<bold>Design and Setting: </bold>In a case-control study of type 2 diabetes, we used a clinical metabolomics discovery study to screen for diabetes-relevant metabolic readouts in saliva, using blood and urine as a reference. With a combination of three metabolomics platforms based on nontargeted mass spectrometry, we examined 2178 metabolites in saliva, blood plasma, and urine samples from 188 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 181 controls of Arab and Asian ethnicities.<bold>Results: </bold>We found a strong association of type 2 diabetes with 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in saliva (P = 3.6 × 10(-13)). Levels of 1,5-AG in saliva highly correlated with 1,5-AG levels in blood and inversely correlated with blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. These findings were robust across three different non-Caucasian ethnicities (Arabs, South Asians, and Filipinos), irrespective of body mass index, age, and gender.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Clinical studies have already established 1,5-AG in blood as a reliable marker of short-term glycemic control. Our study suggests that 1,5-AG in saliva can be used in national screening programs for undiagnosed diabetes, which are of particular interest for Middle Eastern countries with young populations and exceptionally high diabetes rates.
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2014, Vol 99, Issue 3, pE479
- ISSN
0021-972X
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1210/jc.2013-3596