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- Title
Medication-Related Adverse Events and Discordancies in Cystatin C–Based vs Serum Creatinine–Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Cancer.
- Authors
Hanna, Paul E.; Wang, Qiyu; Strohbehn, Ian A.; Moreno, Daiana; Harden, Destiny; Ouyang, Tianqi; Katz-Agranov, Nurit; Seethapathy, Harish; Reynolds, Kerry L.; Gupta, Shruti; Leaf, David E.; Sise, Meghan E.
- Abstract
This cohort study assesses the risk of supratherapeutic doses, hyperkalemia, toxic effects, and mortality among adults with cancer with lower serum creatinine–based than cystatin C–based estimated glomerular filtration rate. Key Points: Question: What are the consequences of discordance in serum creatinine–based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) vs cystatin C–based eGFR (eGFRcys) in patients with cancer? Findings: In this cohort study of 1869 adults with cancer, those with an eGFRcys that was more than 30% lower than their eGFRcr had an increased risk of supratherapeutic vancomycin levels, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole–related hyperkalemia, baclofen toxic effect, high digoxin levels, and increased risk of death within 30 days. Meaning: Findings of this study suggest that medication-related adverse events occurred more commonly in patients whose eGFRcys was more than 30% lower than their eGFRcr, necessitating future studies to improve and personalize glomerular filtration rate estimation and medication dosing in patients with cancer. Importance: Serum creatinine–based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) may overestimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with cancer. Cystatin C–based eGFR (eGFRcys) is an alternative marker of GFR. Objective: To determine whether the therapeutic drug levels and adverse events (AEs) associated with renally cleared medications were higher in patients with cancer whose eGFRcys was more than 30% lower than their eGFRcr. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study analyzed adult patients with cancer at 2 major academic cancer centers in Boston, Massachusetts. These patients had their creatinine and cystatin C measured on the same day between May 2010 and January 2022. The date of the first simultaneous eGFRcr and eGFRcys measurement was considered to be the baseline date. Exposure: The primary exposure was eGFR discordance, defined as an eGFRcys that was more than 30% lower than the eGFRcr. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was risk of the following medication-related AEs within 90 days of the baseline date: (1) supratherapeutic vancomycin trough level greater than 30 μg/mL, (2) trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole–related hyperkalemia (>5.5 mEq/L), (3) baclofen toxic effect, and (4) supratherapeutic digoxin level (>2.0 ng/mL). For the secondary outcome, a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to compare 30-day survival of those with vs without eGFR discordance. Results: A total of 1869 adult patients with cancer (mean [SD] age, 66 [14] years; 948 males [51%]) had simultaneous eGFRcys and eGFRcr measurement. There were 543 patients (29%) with an eGFRcys that was more than 30% lower than their eGFRcr. Patients with an eGFRcys that was more than 30% lower than their eGFRcr were more likely to experience medication-related AEs compared with patients with concordant eGFRs (defined as eGFRcys within 30% of eGFRcr), including vancomycin levels greater than 30 μg/mL (43 of 179 [24%] vs 7 of 77 [9%]; P =.01), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole–related hyperkalemia (29 of 129 [22%] vs 11 of 92 [12%]; P =.07), baclofen toxic effects (5 of 19 [26%] vs 0 of 11; P =.19), and supratherapeutic digoxin levels (7 of 24 [29%] vs 0 of 10; P =.08). The adjusted odds ratio for vancomycin levels more than 30 μg/mL was 2.59 (95% CI, 1.08-7.03; P =.04). Patients with an eGFRcys more than 30% lower than their eGFRcr had an increased 30-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.26-3.11; P =.003). Conclusions and relevance: Results of this study suggest that among patients with cancer with simultaneous assessment of eGFRcys and eGFRcr, supratherapeutic drug levels and medication-related AEs occurred more commonly in those with an eGFRcys more than 30% lower than their eGFRcr. Future prospective studies are needed to improve and personalize GFR estimation and medication dosing in patients with cancer.
- Subjects
MASSACHUSETTS; BIOMARKERS; GLOMERULAR filtration rate; DIGOXIN; ACADEMIC medical centers; CO-trimoxazole; VANCOMYCIN; CANCER patients; RISK assessment; BACLOFEN; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; DRUG side effects; HYPERKALEMIA; CYSTATIN C; CREATININE; LONGITUDINAL method; PROPORTIONAL hazards models; PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Publication
JAMA Network Open, 2023, Vol 6, Issue 7, pe2321715
- ISSN
2574-3805
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.21715