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- Title
An Evidence-Based Review of the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps.
- Authors
Miller, Kevin C.; McDermott, Brendon P.; Yeargin, Susan W.; Fiol, Aidan; Schwellnus, Martin P.
- Abstract
Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are common and frustrating for athletes and the physically active. We critically appraised the EAMC literature to provide evidence-based treatment and prevention recommendations. Although the pathophysiology of EAMCs appears controversial, recent evidence suggests that EAMCs are due to a confluence of unique intrinsic and extrinsic factors rather than a singular cause. The treatment of acute EAMCs continues to include self-applied or clinician-guided gentle static stretching until symptoms abate. Once the painful EAMCs are alleviated, the clinician can continue treatment on the sidelines by focusing on patient-specific risk factors that may have contributed to the onset of EAMCs. For EAMC prevention, clinicians should obtain a thorough medical history and then identify any unique risk factors. Individualizing EAMC prevention strategies will likely be more effective than generalized advice (eg, drink more fluids).
- Subjects
SPORTS injuries treatment; STRETCH (Physiology); BANANAS; HYDRATION; FLUID therapy; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; BEVERAGES; INTRAVENOUS therapy; EVIDENCE-based medicine; PATIENT-centered care; WATER-electrolyte imbalances; NEUROMUSCULAR system; MUSCLE cramps; RISK assessment; QUININE; EXERCISE; DEHYDRATION; PAIN management; CARRIER proteins; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Journal of Athletic Training (Allen Press), 2022, Vol 57, Issue 1, p5
- ISSN
1062-6050
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.4085/1062-6050-0696.20