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- Title
Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
- Authors
Jonas, Daniel E.; Crotty, Karen; Yun, Jonathan D. Y.; Middleton, Jennifer Cook; Feltner, Cynthia; Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Barclay, Colleen; Dotson, Andrea; Baker, Claire; Balio, Casey P.; Voisin, Christiane E.; Harris, Russell P.
- Abstract
<bold>Importance: </bold>Type 2 diabetes is common and is a leading cause of morbidity and disability.<bold>Objective: </bold>To review the evidence on screening for prediabetes and diabetes to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).<bold>Data Sources: </bold>PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through September 2019; references; and experts; literature surveillance through May 21, 2021.<bold>Study Selection: </bold>English-language controlled studies evaluating screening or interventions for prediabetes or diabetes that was screen detected or recently diagnosed.<bold>Data Extraction and Synthesis: </bold>Dual review of abstracts, full-text articles, and study quality; qualitative synthesis of findings; meta-analyses conducted when at least 3 similar studies were available.<bold>Main Outcomes and Measures: </bold>Mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, diabetes-related morbidity, development of diabetes, quality of life, and harms.<bold>Results: </bold>The review included 89 publications (N = 68 882). Two randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (25 120 participants) found no significant difference between screening and control groups for all-cause or cause-specific mortality at 10 years. For harms (eg, anxiety or worry), the trials reported no significant differences between screening and control groups. For recently diagnosed (not screen-detected) diabetes, 5 RCTs (5138 participants) were included. In the UK Prospective Diabetes Study, health outcomes were improved with intensive glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin. For example, for all-cause mortality the relative risk (RR) was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.96) over 20 years (10-year posttrial assessment). For overweight persons, intensive glucose control with metformin improved health outcomes at the 10-year follow-up (eg, all-cause mortality: RR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.91]), and benefits were maintained longer term. Lifestyle interventions (most involving >360 minutes) for obese or overweight persons with prediabetes were associated with reductions in the incidence of diabetes (23 RCTs; pooled RR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.69 to 0.88]). Lifestyle interventions were also associated with improved intermediate outcomes, such as reduced weight, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (pooled weighted mean difference, -1.7 mm Hg [95% CI, -2.6 to -0.8] and -1.2 mm Hg [95% CI, -2.0 to -0.4], respectively). Metformin was associated with a significant reduction in diabetes incidence (pooled RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.64 to 0.83]) and reduction in weight and body mass index.<bold>Conclusions and Relevance: </bold>Trials of screening for diabetes found no significant mortality benefit but had insufficient data to assess other health outcomes; evidence on harms of screening was limited. For persons with recently diagnosed (not screen-detected) diabetes, interventions improved health outcomes; for obese or overweight persons with prediabetes, interventions were associated with reduced incidence of diabetes and improvement in other intermediate outcomes.
- Subjects
MEDICAL screening; PREDIABETIC state; TYPE 2 diabetes; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force; TREATMENT of diabetes; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases; QUALITY of life; BLOOD sugar; OBESITY complications; CAUSES of death; RESEARCH; RESEARCH methodology; SYSTEMATIC reviews; BEHAVIOR; MEDICAL cooperation; EVALUATION research; COMPARATIVE studies; DISEASE complications
- Publication
JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 2021, Vol 326, Issue 8, p744
- ISSN
0098-7484
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1001/jama.2021.10403