We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
Transforming growth factor Beta2 is required for valve remodeling during heart development.
- Authors
Azhar, Mohamad; Brown, Kristen; Gard, Connie; Chen, Hwudaurw; Rajan, Sudarsan; Elliott, David A.; Stevens, Mark V.; Camenisch, Todd D.; Conway, Simon J.; Doetschman, Thomas
- Abstract
Although the function of transforming growth factor beta2 (TGFβ2) in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is well studied, its role in valve remodeling remains to be fully explored. Here, we used histological, morphometric, immunohistochemical and molecular approaches and showed that significant dysregulation of major extracellular matrix (ECM) components contributed to valve remodeling defects in Tgfb2−/− embryos. The data indicated that cushion mesenchymal cell differentiation was impaired in Tgfb2−/− embryos. Hyaluronan and cartilage link protein-1 (CRTL1) were increased in hyperplastic valves of Tgfb2−/− embryos, indicating increased expansion and diversification of cushion mesenchyme into the cartilage cell lineage during heart development. Finally, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses indicate that the activation of SMAD2/3 was decreased in Tgfb2−/− embryos during valve remodeling. Collectively, the data indicate that TGFβ2 promotes valve remodeling and differentiation by inducing matrix organization and suppressing cushion mesenchyme differentiation into cartilage cell lineage during heart development. Developmental Dynamics 240:2127-2141, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Publication
Developmental Dynamics, 2011, Vol 240, Issue 9, p2127
- ISSN
1058-8388
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/dvdy.22702