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- Title
Toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome constituents to Meloidogyne incognita juveniles and eggs.
- Authors
HONG, Tae-Kyun; KIM, Soon-Il; HEO, Jae - Won; LEE, Jae-Kook; CHOI, Dong-Ro; AHN, Young-Joon
- Abstract
The toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome constituents to second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs of Meloidogyne incognita was examined in vitro and in container experiments. Results were compared with those of three nematicides: carbofuran, fosthiazate and metam sodium. Ethyl cinnamate (EC) and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EMC) were the nematicidal and hatch inhibitory principles. In direct-contact mortality bioassays, EC 0.037 mg ml-1) and EMC (0.041 mg ml-1) were more toxic than carbofuran (0.092 mg ml-1) but less toxic than fosthiazate (0.002 mg ml-1) towards J2 based upon 48 h LC50 values. EC and EMC treatments resulted in 100% and 93 and 81% inhibition of hatch at 125.0 and 62.5 μg ml-1, respectively. Inhibition of these compounds was higher than carbofuran and metam sodium but significantly lower than fosthiazate. In contact +fumigant mortality bioassays with J2, EC and EMC applied at 0.25 and 0.125 mg (g soil)-1resulted in 81 and 80% and 77 and 73% mortality, respectively, while carbofuran and metam sodium treatments resulted in 86 and 96% and 57 and 73% mortality, respectively. Fosthiazate resulted in 92% mortality at 0.063 mg (g soil)-1. In vapour-phase mortality bioassays with J2, EC and EMC were more effective in a closed container than in an open one, indicating that mode of delivery was, in part, a result of vapour action. Global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic nematicides in the agricultural environment justify further studies on K. galanga rhizome-derived materials, particularly ethyl cinnamate and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, as potential nematicides and hatching inhibitors for the control of M. incognita as fumigants with contact action.
- Subjects
TOXICITY testing; SOUTHERN root-knot nematode; NEMATOCIDES; CARBOFURAN; BIOLOGICAL assay
- Publication
Nematology, 2011, Vol 13, Issue 2, p235
- ISSN
1388-5545
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1163/138855410X517048