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- Title
Effect of Multiple Vaccinations with Tumor Cell-Based Vaccine with Codon-Modified GM-CSF on Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model.
- Authors
Qiu, Jiantai Timothy; Alson, Donia; Lee, Ta-Hsien; Tsai, Ching-Chou; Yu, Ting-Wei; Chen, Yu-Sing; Cheng, Ya-Fang; Lin, Chu-Chi; Schuyler, Scott C.
- Abstract
Ectopic expression of codon-modified granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (cGM-CSF) in TC-1 cells (TC-1/cGM-CSF), a model cell line for human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected cervical cancer cells, increased the expression level of GM-CSF and improved the efficacy of tumor cell-based vaccines in a cervical cancer mouse model. The number of vaccine doses required to induce a long-term immune response in a cervical cancer mouse model is poorly understood. Here, we investigated one, three, and five doses of the irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine to determine which dose was effective in inducing a greater immune response and the suppression of tumors. Our findings showed that three doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine elicited slower tumor growth rates and enhanced survival rates compared with one dose or five doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine. Consistently, mice vaccinated with three doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine exhibited stronger interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production in HPV E7-specific CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells. A higher percentage of natural killer cells and interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) appeared in the splenocytes of the mice vaccinated with three doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine compared with those of the mice vaccinated with one dose or five doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine. Our findings demonstrate that single or multiple vaccinations, such as five doses, with irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine suppressed the immune response, whereas three doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine elicited a greater immune response and subsequent tumor suppression.
- Subjects
ANIMAL experimentation; ANTIGENS; BIOLOGICAL models; CELL lines; DENDRITIC cells; GRANULOCYTE-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; INTERFERONS; KILLER cells; MICE; PAPILLOMAVIRUS diseases; SURVIVAL; T cells; CERVIX uteri tumors; CANCER vaccines; PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Publication
Cancers, 2019, Vol 11, Issue 3, p368
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers11030368