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- Title
Genus-Wide Screening Reveals Four Distinct Types of Structural Plastid Genome Organization in Pelargonium (Geraniaceae).
- Authors
Röschenbleck, Joachim; Wicke, Susann; Weinl, Stefan; Kudla, Jörg; Müller, Kai F.
- Abstract
Geraniaceae are known for their unusual plastid genomes (plastomes), with the genus Pelargonium being most conspicuous with regard to plastome size and gene organization as judged by the sequenced plastomes of P. x hortorum and P. alternans. However, the hybrid origin of P. x hortorum and the uncertain phylogenetic position of P. alternans obscure the events that led to these extraordinary plastomes. Here, we examine all plastid reconfiguration hotspots for 60 Pelargonium species across all subgenera using a PCR and sequencing approach. Our reconstruction of the rearrangement history revealed four distinct plastome types. The ancestral plastome configuration in the two subgenera Magnipetala and Pelargoniumis consistent with that of the P. alternans plastome, where as that of the subgenus Parvulipetala deviates fromthis organization by one synapomorphic inversion in the trnNGUU-ndhF region. The plastome of P. x hortorum resembles those ofonegroupof the subgenus Paucisignata, but differs froma secondgroup by another inversion in the psaI-psaJ region. The number ofmicrostructural changes and amount of repetitive DNA are generally elevated in all inverted regions. Nucleotide substitutionrates correlatepositively with thenumberof indels in all regions across thedifferent subgenera. We also observed lineage- and species-specific changes in the gene content, including gene duplications and fragmentations. For example, the plastid rbcL-psaI region of Pelargonium contains a highly variable accD-like region. Our results suggest alternative evolutionary paths under possibly changing modes of plastid transmission and indicate the non-functionalization of the plastid accD gene in Pelargonium.
- Subjects
PLASTIDS; PELARGONIUMS; NUCLEOTIDE sequence; MOLECULAR evolution; PLANT phylogeny
- Publication
Genome Biology & Evolution, 2017, Vol 9, Issue 1, p64
- ISSN
1759-6653
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/gbe/evw271