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- Title
Stage-associated overexpression of the ubiquitin-like protein, ISG15, in bladder cancer.
- Authors
Andersen, J. B.; Aaboe, M.; Borden, E. C.; Goloubeva, O. G.; Hassel, B. A.; Ørntoft, T. F.; Orntoft, T F
- Abstract
Bladder cancer is among the most prevalent malignancies, and is characterised by frequent tumour recurrences and localised inflammation, which may promote tissue invasion and metastasis. Microarray analysis was used to compare gene expression in normal bladder urothelium with that in tumours at different stages of progression. The innate immune response gene, interferon-stimulated gene 15 kDa (ISG15, GIP2), was highly expressed at all stages of bladder cancer as compared to normal urothelium. Western blotting revealed a tumour-associated expression of ISG15 protein. ISG15 exhibited a stage-associated expression, with significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of ISG15 protein in muscle-invasive T2-T4 tumours, compared with normal urothelium. Although ISG15 is involved in the primary immune response, ISG15 expression did not correlate with bladder inflammation. However, immunohistochemical staining revealed expression of ISG15 protein in both cancer cells and stromal immune cells. Interestingly, a significant fraction of ISG15 protein was localised to the nuclei of tumour cells, whereas no nuclear ISG15 staining was observed in ISG15-positive stromal cells. Taken together, our findings identify ISG15 as a novel component of bladder cancer-associated gene expression.
- Subjects
BLADDER cancer; UBIQUITIN; PROTEINS; METASTASIS; GENE expression; PROTEIN metabolism; BLADDER tumors; CANCER invasiveness; CELL nuclei; COMPARATIVE studies; CONNECTIVE tissue cells; CYTOKINES; EPITHELIUM; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; MUSCLE tumors; RESEARCH; TUMOR classification; WESTERN immunoblotting; EVALUATION research; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE arrays; GENE expression profiling
- Publication
British Journal of Cancer, 2006, Vol 94, Issue 10, p1465
- ISSN
0007-0920
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1038/sj.bjc.6603099