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- Title
Assessing Indoor Dust Interference with Human Nuclear Hormone Receptors in Cell-Based Luciferase Reporter Assays.
- Authors
Young, Anna S.; Zoeller, Thomas; Hauser, Russ; James-Todd, Tamarra; Coull, Brent A.; Behnisch, Peter A.; Brouwer, Abraham; Hongkai Zhu; Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Allen, Joseph G.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are hormone-disrupting chemicals that migrate from building materials into air and dust. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to quantify the hormonal activities of 46 dust samples and identify chemicals driving the observed activities. METHODS: We evaluated associations between hormonal activities of extracted dust in five cell-based luciferase reporter assays and dust concentrations of 42 measured PFAS, OPEs, and PBDEs, transformed as either raw or potency-weighted concentrations based on Tox21 high-throughput screening data. RESULTS: All dust samples were hormonally active, showing antagonistic activity toward peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR?2) (100%; 46 of 46 samples), thyroid hormone receptor (TRß) (89%; 41 samples), and androgen receptor (AR) (87%; 40 samples); agonist activity on estrogen receptor (ERa) (96%; 44 samples); and binding competition with thyroxine (T4) on serum transporter transthyretin (TTR) (98%; 45 samples). Effects were observed with as little as 4 µg of extracted dust. In regression models for each chemical class, interquartile range increases in potency-weighted or unknown-potency chemical concentrations were associated with higher hormonal activities of dust extracts (potency-weighted: ?PFAS–TRß, ? 28%, 푝 < 0.05; ?OPEs–TRß, ? 27%, 푝= 0.08; ?PBDEs–TRß, ? 20%, 푝< 0.05; ?PBDEs–ERa, ? 7.7%, 푝= 0.08; unknown-potency: ?OPEs–TTR, ? 34%, 푝< 0.05; ?OPEs–AR, ? 13%, 푝= 0.06), adjusted for chemicals with active, inactive, and unknown Tox21 designations. DISCUSSION: All indoor dust samples exhibited hormonal activities, which were associated with PFAS, PBDE, and OPE levels. Reporter gene cell-based assays are relatively inexpensive, health-relevant evaluations of toxic loads of chemical mixtures that building occupants are exposed to.
- Subjects
UNITED States; DUST; SEQUENCE analysis; THYROID hormones; ETHERS; HIGH performance liquid chromatography; CONFIDENCE intervals; THYROXINE; INDOOR air pollution; CELL receptors; POLYESTERS; REGRESSION analysis; GENE expression; ESTROGEN receptors; MASS spectrometry; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; OXIDOREDUCTASES; ANDROGEN receptors; DATA analysis software; ENDOCRINE disruptors; ENVIRONMENTAL exposure; CHEMICAL inhibitors
- Publication
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2021, Vol 129, Issue 4, p047010-1
- ISSN
0091-6765
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1289/EHP8054