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- Title
Inapparent Tick-Borne Orthoflavivirus Infection in Macaca fascicularis : A Model for Antiviral Drug and Vaccine Research.
- Authors
Illarionova, Victoria; Rogova, Anastasia; Tuchynskaya, Ksenia; Volok, Viktor; Rogova, Yulia; Baryshnikova, Victoria; Turchenko, Yuriy; Litov, Alexander; Kalyanova, Anna; Siniugina, Alexandra; Ishmukhametov, Aydar; Karganova, Galina
- Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Powassan virus (POWV) are neurotropic tick-borne orthoflaviviruses. They cause mostly asymptomatic infections in hosts, but severe forms with CNS involvement can occur. Studying the early stages of viral infections in humans is challenging, and appropriate animal models are essential for understanding the factors determining the disease severity and for developing emergency prophylaxis and treatment options. In this work, we assessed the model of the early stages of TBEV and POWV mono- and co-infections in Macaca fascicularis. Serological, biochemical, and virological parameters were investigated to describe the infection, including its impact on animal behavior. Viremia, neutralizing antibody dynamics, and viral load in organs were chosen as the main parameters distinguishing early-stage orthoflavivirus infection. Levels of IFNα, monocyte count, and cognitive test scores were proposed as additional informative indicators. An assessment of a tick-borne encephalitis vaccine using this model showed that it provided partial protection against POWV infection in Macaca fascicularis without signs of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection.
- Subjects
KRA; TICK-borne encephalitis viruses; ANTIVIRAL agents; TICK-borne encephalitis; ANIMAL behavior; FOOT &; mouth disease
- Publication
Vaccines, 2023, Vol 11, Issue 12, p1754
- ISSN
2076-393X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/vaccines11121754