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- Title
Review on Decontamination Manners of Radioactive Liquids.
- Authors
Gatea, Mezher Abed; Jumaah, Ghufran Farooq; Al Anbari, Riyad Hassan; Alsalhy, Qusay F.
- Abstract
Practicing in nuclear facilities emits significant amounts of radioactive waste. Additionally, conflicts and tensions have always existed among the international nuclear order. In this regard, the latest problem is the Russo-Ukrainian conflict, in which ordinary weapons have been solely used since February 2022 until now. However, this tension may result in nuclear trends of multi-face undertones. In addition, due to the location of the Middle East region on the seismic line, the Turkish earthquake has recently occurred at 430 km from the Akkuyu nuclear facility. For emergency preparedness and response, there has been an urgent need to reveal and review the literature dealing with the decontamination methods used to purify radioactive liquids generated during practice for nuclear applications. Such liquids have a considerable volume of low, intermediate, or high radioactivity. In particular, the characteristics, challenges, and effects of radioactive liquids were overviewed. In this context, the activities of precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation, vaporization concentration, biotechnology, and photo-catalysis were introduced as active decontamination techniques for radioactive liquids. Specifically, the features and shortcomings of each method as single and combined systems were discussed. The improvement directions of futuristic treatment works have been prospected. Radioactive liquid treatment methods are budding, and hence, studies and information should be increased. These methods draw considerable attention due to the rapidly evolving requirements for recovering radiation wastes. Particularly, the technique must consider high efficiency, produced sludge intensity, handling cost, safety requirements, and reliability. In addition, the combination system involving a series of techniques will be the important futuristic expansion trend of radioactive liquids treatment. This system requires a relatively high cost. However, it has robust performance for minimizing nuclear waste.
- Subjects
MIDDLE East; ION-permeable membranes; DECONTAMINATION of food; RADIOACTIVE wastes; LIQUIDS; VAPORIZATION; MEMBRANE separation; ION exchange (Chemistry); NUCLEAR facilities
- Publication
Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2023, Vol 234, Issue 10, p1
- ISSN
0049-6979
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11270-023-06678-x