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- Title
Tracking pyrethroid toxicity in surface water samples: Exposure dynamics and toxicity identification tools for laboratory tests with <italic>Hyalella azteca</italic> (Amphipoda).
- Authors
Deanovic, Linda A.; Stillway, Marie; Hammock, Bruce G.; Fong, Stephanie; Werner, Inge
- Abstract
Abstract: Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used in pest control and are present at toxic concentrations in surface waters of agricultural and urban areas worldwide. Monitoring is challenging as a result of their high hydrophobicity and low toxicity thresholds, which often fall below the analytical methods detection limits (MDLs). Standard daphnid bioassays used in surface water monitoring are not sensitive enough to protect more susceptible invertebrate species such as the amphipod <italic>Hyalella azteca</italic> and chemical loss during toxicity testing is of concern. In the present study, we quantified toxicity loss during storage and testing, using both natural and synthetic water, and presented a tool to enhance toxic signal strength for improved sensitivity of <italic>H. azteca</italic> toxicity tests. The average half‐life during storage in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) cubitainers (Fisher Scientific) at 4 °C of 5 pyrethroids (permethrin, bifenthrin, lambda‐cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, and esfenvalerate) and one organophosphate (chlorpyrifos; used as reference) was 1.4 d, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) proved an effective tool to potentiate toxicity. We conclude that toxicity tests on ambient water samples containing these hydrophobic insecticides are likely to underestimate toxicity present in the field, and mimic short pulse rather than continuous exposures. Where these chemicals are of concern, the addition of PBO during testing can yield valuable information on their presence or absence. <italic>Environ Toxicol Chem</italic> 2018;37:462–472. © 2017 SETAC
- Subjects
HYALELLA azteca; AMPHIPODA; PYRETHROIDS; BIOLOGICAL assay; LOW density polyethylene; ESFENVALERATE
- Publication
Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2018, Vol 37, Issue 2, p462
- ISSN
0730-7268
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/etc.3979