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- Title
Similar Immunological Profiles Between African Endemic and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Epidemic Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) Patients Reveal the Primary Role of KS-Associated Herpesvirus in KS Pathogenesis.
- Authors
Lidenge, Salum J; Tso, For Yue; Ngalamika, Owen; Ngowi, John R; Mortazavi, Yasaman; Kwon, Eun Hee; Shea, Danielle M; Minhas, Veenu; Mwaiselage, Julius; Wood, Charles; West, John T
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Kaposi sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is etiologically linked to all KS forms, but mechanisms underlying KS development are unclear. The incidence of KS in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected (HIV-1+) individuals implicates immune dysregulation; however, the lack of characterization of KSHV immune responses in endemic KS makes the role of HIV-1 unclear. The study objective was to investigate the HIV-1 and KSHV roles in viral nucleic acid detection, antibody responses, and cytokine responses in polymerase chain reaction-confirmed epidemic KS and endemic KS patients and non-cancer controls from sub-Saharan Africa.<bold>Methods: </bold>KSHV viral DNA (vDNA), total anti-KSHV antibody, KSHV neutralizing antibody (nAb), and cytokines were quantified.<bold>Results: </bold>KSHV vDNA was detectable in tumors but variably in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Consistent with elevated antibody-associated cytokines (interleukin [IL] 6, IL-5, and IL-10), nAb titers were higher in epidemic KS and endemic KS patients than in controls (P < .05). Despite HIV-1 coinfection in epidemic KS, nAb titers were similar between epidemic KS and endemic KS patients (P = 0.3).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Similarities in antibody and cytokine responses between epidemic and endemic KS patients suggest that KSHV drives KS pathogenesis, whereas HIV-1 exacerbates it.
- Subjects
SUB-Saharan Africa; TANZANIA; ZAMBIA; KAPOSI'S sarcoma; HIV; BLOOD plasma; ANTIBODY formation; NUCLEIC acids; HIV infection complications; DNA; FLOW cytometry; HERPESVIRUSES; HIV infections; POLYMERASE chain reaction; RESEARCH funding; VIRAL load; CASE-control method; MIXED infections
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2019, Vol 219, Issue 8, p1318
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/infdis/jiy654