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- Title
Vascular calcifications on hand radiographs in rheumatoid arthritis and associations with autoantibodies, cardiovascular risk factors and mortality.
- Authors
Solow, E. Blair; Fang Yu; Thiele, Geoffrey M.; Sokolove, Jeremy; Robinson, William H.; Pruhs, Zachary M.; Michaud, Kaleb D.; Erickson, Alan R.; Sayles, Harlan; Kerr, Gail S.; Gaffo, Angelo L.; Caplan, Liron; Davis, Lisa A.; Cannon, Grant W.; Reimold, Andreas M.; Baker, Joshua; Schwab, Pascale; Anderson, Daniel R.; Mikuls, Ted R.
- Abstract
Objective. To examine whether vascular calcifications on hand films in RA might aid in determining mortality risk. Methods. Hand radiographs from 906 RA patients were scored as positive or negative for vascular calcifications. Patient characteristics associated with vascular calcifications were assessed using multivari-able logistic regression, and associations with mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression. Cytokines and multiplex ACPA were measured in both groups. Results. A total of 99 patients (11%) demonstrated radiographic vascular calcifications. Factors independently associated with vascular calcifications included diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 2.85; 95% CI 1.43, 5.66], cardiovascular disease at enrolment (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.01, 6.09), prednisone use (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.25, 2.91), current smoking (OR 0.06; 95% CI 0.01, 0.23) and former smoking (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.27, 0.48) vs never smoking. In cytokine and ACPA subtype analysis, IL-4 and anti-citrullinated apolipoprotein E were significantly increased in patients with vascular calcifications in fully adjusted multivariable models. After multivariable adjustment, vascular calcifications were associated with an increase in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.41; 95% CI 1.12, 1.78; P = 0.004). Conclusion. Vascular calcifications on hand radiographs were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality in RA. Mechanisms underpinning the associations of IL-4 and select ACPA with vascular calcifications and their utility as biomarkers predictive of cardiovascular disease risk in RA merit further study.
- Subjects
UNITED States; HAND radiography; THERAPEUTIC use of biochemical markers; ACADEMIC medical centers; AUTOANTIBODIES; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; CHI-squared test; CONFIDENCE intervals; CYTOKINES; REPORTING of diseases; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE analysis; RESEARCH funding; RHEUMATOID arthritis; T-test (Statistics); UNITED States. Dept. of Veterans Affairs; LOGISTIC regression analysis; PROPORTIONAL hazards models; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; CALCINOSIS; ODDS ratio
- Publication
Rheumatology, 2015, Vol 54, Issue 9, p1587
- ISSN
1462-0324
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/rheumatology/kev027