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- Title
Assessment of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Injectable Lidocaine and a Lidocaine-Impregnated Latex Band for Castration and Tail Docking in Lambs.
- Authors
Ross, Joseph A.; Roche, Steven M.; Beaugrand, Kendall; Schatz, Crystal; Hammad, Ann; Ralston, Brenda J.; Hanson, Andrea M.; Allan, Nicholas; Olson, Merle
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Tail docking and castration in lambs are common husbandry practices, both of which cause pain and discomfort, for which many industries recommend or require pain management. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of the current standard-of-care for pain mitigation in lambs (injectable lidocaine) and assess the ability of a lidocaine-impregnated elastration ligation band to deliver the drug into the contacted tissues over time. The use of injectable lidocaine provides effective short-term anesthesia for 120 to 180 min following the injection; however, additional strategies are needed to manage long-term pain. The use of a ligation band impregnated with lidocaine could provide a useful alternative, as it appears to offer local anesthesia for at least 3 days when compared to a control band. Further studies are needed to compare the use of an injectable local anesthetic to the Lidocaine-Loaded Bands (LLBs). The objectives of this study were to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the current standard-of-care for pain mitigation in lambs during castration and tail docking (injectable lidocaine) and assess the ability of Lidocaine-Loaded Bands (LLBs) to deliver therapeutic concentrations into the contacted tissues over time. The study was comprised of four different trials: (1) investigation of in vitro release of lidocaine from LLBs; (2) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of injectable lidocaine in scrotal and tail tissue; (3) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of in vivo delivery of lidocaine with LLBs placed on the tail and scrotum of lambs; and (4) a "proof-of-concept" study comparing the sensation of control- versus LLB-banded tail tissue over time. The use of injectable lidocaine provides effective short-term anesthesia for 120 to 180 min following the injection; however, additional strategies are needed to manage long-term pain. The use of an LLB could provide an alternative where tissue lidocaine concentrations meet or exceed the EC50 for at least 21–28 days and, based on electrostimulation data, provides local anesthesia for at least 3 days when compared to a control band. Further studies are needed to compare the use of an injectable local anesthetic to the LLBs.
- Subjects
PHARMACOKINETICS; CASTRATION; PHARMACODYNAMICS; LIDOCAINE; LOCAL anesthetics; LAMBS; ABIRATERONE acetate; OPIOIDS
- Publication
Animals (2076-2615), 2024, Vol 14, Issue 2, p255
- ISSN
2076-2615
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ani14020255