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- Title
High Repeatability of Anti-Predator Responses and Resting Metabolic Rate in a Beetle.
- Authors
Krams, Indrikis; Kivleniece, Inese; Kuusik, Aare; Krama, Tatjana; Freeberg, Todd; Mänd, Raivo; Sivacova, Ljubova; Rantala, Markus; Mänd, Marika
- Abstract
Measures of repeatability are essential for understanding behavioral consistency and individual differences in behavior, i.e. animal personalities. We studied anti-predator responses of the yellow mealworm beetle ( Tenebrio molitor) and performed behavioral tests in plastic containers representing a typical laboratory environment of T. molitor. Behavioral tests were repeated in Eppendorf test tubes where we also measured resting metabolic rate (RMR). Results show that the response latency to a threatening/startling stimulus, and the total time spent in the state of tonic immobility, correlated across the tests. The behavioral responses were repeatable and RMR covaried phenotypically with personality: we found a negative correlation between response latency time and time spent immobile, a positive correlation between response latency and RMR, and a negative correlation between RMR and total time spent immobile. These correlations were also similar across trials performed in the Eppendorf test tubes and the plastic containers.
- Subjects
BEETLE behavior; INSECT metabolism; EFFECT of predation on insects; INDIVIDUAL differences; PHENOTYPES; STIMULUS &; response (Biology)
- Publication
Journal of Insect Behavior, 2014, Vol 27, Issue 1, p57
- ISSN
0892-7553
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10905-013-9408-2