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- Title
Tracing Bank Storage and Hyporheic Exchange Dynamics Using <sup>222</sup>Rn: Virtual and Field Tests and Comparison With Other Tracers.
- Authors
Liao, Fu; Cardenas, M. Bayani; Ferencz, Stephen B.; Chen, Xiaobing; Wang, Guangcai
- Abstract
Dynamic hydrologic exchange flows in river beds and banks are important for many ecosystem functions throughout river corridors. Here we test whether the exchanges and the associated mixing between a flooding river and groundwater within the river's bank can be effectively traced by Radon‐222 (222Rn), a naturally occurring, inert, radiogenic, and radioactive gas that can be analyzed and monitored in situ. The assessment was done by simulation of groundwater flow and reactive transport of 222Rn in the bank following a single, relatively rapid (hours long) flood wave and auxiliary field observations of 222Rn, temperature and total dissolved solids (a surrogate for any ionic conservative tracer). Results illustrate that 222Rn is more effective than temperature and total dissolved solids in tracing dynamic hyporheic exchange. 222Rn variations in space and time are larger than the analytical uncertainty of common measurement methods. The individual effects of aquifer hydraulic conductivity, dispersivity, river water 222Rn concentration, and bank topography were analyzed through sensitivity analysis. Larger hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity, lower 222Rn concentration in river water relative to groundwater, and gentler bank slopes resulted in a more prominent and traceable 222Rn signal. The transport and residence time of exchanged water may be estimated and interpreted using reactive transport models such as those implemented here. However, such application is sensitive to fluctuations in river water 222Rn, requiring it to be well characterized. The assessment provides guidance for using 222Rn as a tracer for groundwater and surface water interactions in dynamic settings. Key Points: The Radon‐222 (222Rn) can be an effective tracer for rapid dynamic subsurface exchange flows and mixing within a few meters inside river banksThe 222Rn is a more effective tracer than temperature and conservative solutes under certain situationsThe quantitative analysis of 222Rn within the banks close to the river is sensitive to fluctuations in river water 222Rn
- Subjects
RIVER channels; HYDRAULIC conductivity; GROUNDWATER tracers; WATER table; RIPARIAN areas; GROUNDWATER flow
- Publication
Water Resources Research, 2021, Vol 57, Issue 5, p1
- ISSN
0043-1397
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2020WR028960