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- Title
From Angiotensin II to Cyclic Peptides and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs): Perspectives of ARBs in COVID-19 Therapy.
- Authors
Matsoukas, John; Apostolopoulos, Vasso; Zulli, Anthony; Moore, Graham; Kelaidonis, Konstantinos; Moschovou, Kalliopi; Mavromoustakos, Thomas; Bojarska, Joanna
- Abstract
The octapeptide hormone angiotensin II is one of the most studied peptides with the aim of designing and synthesizing non-peptide mimetics for oral administration. To achieve this, cyclizations at different positions within the peptide molecule has been a useful strategy to define the active conformation. These studies on angiotensin II led to the discovery of Sarmesin, a type II angiotensin II antagonist, and the breakthrough non-peptide mimetic Losartan, the first in a series of sartans marketed as a new generation of anti-hypertensive drugs in the 1990s. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBS) and angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) were recently reported to protect hypertensive patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors reduce excess angiotensin II and increase antagonist heptapeptides alamandine and aspamandine which counterbalance angiotensin II and maintain homeostasis and vasodilation.
- Subjects
CYCLIC peptides; ANGIOTENSIN II; COVID-19 treatment; ANGIOTENSIN receptors; ACE inhibitors; ANGIOTENSIN-receptor blockers
- Publication
Molecules, 2021, Vol 26, Issue 3, p618
- ISSN
1420-3049
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/molecules26030618