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- Title
μ-Calpain, calpastatin, and growth hormone receptor genetic effects on preweaning performance, carcass quality traits, and residual variance of tenderness in Angus cattle selected to increase minor haplotype and allele frequencies.
- Authors
Jr., R. G. Tait; Shackelford, S. D.; Wheeler, T. L.; King, D. A.; Casas, E.; Thallman, R. M.; Smith, T. P. L.; Bennett, G. L.
- Abstract
Genetic marker effects and interactions are estimated with poor precision when minor marker allele frequencies are low. An Angus population was subjected to marker assisted selection for multiple years to increase divergent haplotype and minor marker allele frequencies to 1) estimate effect size and mode of inheritance for previously reported SNP on targeted beef carcass quality traits; 2) estimate effects of previ-ously reported SNP on nontarget performance traits; and 3) evaluate tenderness SNP specific residual vari-ance models compared to a single residual variance model for tenderness. Divergent haplotypes within p-calpain (CAPN I), and SNP within calpastatin (CAST) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) were successfully selected to increase their frequencies. Traits evaluated were birth BW, weaning BW, final BW, fat thickness, LM area, USDA marbling score, yield grade, slice shear force (SSF), and visible and near infrared predicted slice shear force. Both CAPNI and CAST exhibited additive (P < 0.001) modes of inheritance for SSF and neither exhibited dominance (P > 0.19). Furthermore, the interaction between CAPN I and CAST for SSF was not significant (P = 0.55). Estimated additive effects of CAPNI (1.049 kg) and CAST (1.257 kg) on SSF were large in this study. Animals homozygous for tender alleles at both CAPNI and CAST would have 4.61 kg lower SSF (38.6% of the mean) than animals homozy-gous tough for both markers. There was also an effect of CAST on yield grade (P < 0.02). The tender CAST allele was associated with more red meat yield and less trim-mable fat. There were no significant effects (P > 0.23) for GHR on any of the traits evaluated in this study. Furthermore, CAST specific residual variance models were found to fit significantly better (P < 0.001) than single residual variance models for SSF, with the tough-er genotypes having larger residual variance. Thus, the risk of a tough steak from the undesired CAST genotype is increased through both an increase in mean and an increase in variation. This work confirms the importance of CAPNI and CAST for tenderness in beef, provides a new effect of CAST on beef tenderness, and questions the utility of GHR as a selection marker for beef quality.
- Subjects
ABERDEEN-Angus cattle; GENETIC markers; SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms; BEEF carcasses; CALPASTATIN; CALPAIN; CATTLE
- Publication
Journal of Animal Science, 2014, Vol 92, Issue 2, p456
- ISSN
0021-8812
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2527/jas.2013-7075