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- Title
Effect of Ozone Dissolution Systems on Ozone Exposure and Bromate Formation.
- Authors
Wert, Eric C.; Lew, Julia; Rakness, Kerwin L.
- Abstract
Pilot‐scale data were generated to improve operational guidance for fine bubble diffusion (FBD) and sidestream addition (SSA) systems with respect to unaccounted‐for ozone exposure—i.e., concentration times time (C × T), and bromate formation during ozone dissolution. In FBD systems, results showed significant ozone dissolution C × T (0.31–2.85 mg‐min/L) and bromate formation (0.8–9.1 µg/L) occurring in the bubble column, which is not included in regulatory compliance C × T calculations. Utilities may consider taking contactors out of service to minimize contact time and corresponding bromate formation in the dissolution zone. In SSA systems, ozone dosages (7.2–18.6 mg/L) were transferred to approximately 20% of the overall plant flow for ~5 s, which produced bromate (2.6–5.7 µg/L). As the contact time exceeded the design guidance in the sidestream flow (>30 s), bromate formation became far more significant (40–140 µg/L). When the sidestream flow is operated with short contact times (~5 s), bromate formation can be minimized.
- Subjects
OZONE; BROMATES; DISSOLUTION (Chemistry); DEGASSING of metals; CHEMICAL reactions
- Publication
Journal: American Water Works Association, 2017, Vol 109, Issue 7, p32
- ISSN
0003-150X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5942/jawwa.2017.109.0048