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- Title
Construct validity and reliability of the Malay version of the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND): A confirmatory factor analysis.
- Authors
Kuang Hock Lim; Yah Xin Yun; Yoon Ling Cheong; Sulaiman, Norharlina; Mahadzir, Mas Eliana; Jia Hui Lim; Mat Hashim, Mohd Hazilas; Hui Li Lim
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was forward-backwards translated into the Malay language (FTND-M) and administered to 152 daily smokers who sought treatment for smoking cessation in government health clinics in Selangor state, Malaysia. METHODS Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), four measurement models with the best relative fit were compared, one uni-dimensional model, and three different two-domain (morning and daytime smoking) models. RESULTS The findings indicate that the best model of the FTND-M was a two-domain model, wherein domain one represented morning smoking (time to first cigarette of the day, smoking more in the morning, and which cigarette would you hate to give up) and domain two represented daytime smoking (cigarettes per day, difficulty refraining from smoking, and smoking when ill) which showed good model fit [χ²/df=1.932, goodness of fit (GFI) of 0.967, comparative fix index (CFI) of 0.945, incremental fit index (IFI) of 0.98, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) of 0.95 and a real mean square end of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.079, and substantial reliability >0.70]. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the FTND-M can be used to assess these two dimensions of nicotine addiction among daily smokers in a clinical setting.
- Subjects
MALAYSIA; RESEARCH evaluation; RESEARCH methodology evaluation; RESEARCH methodology; MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques; FACTOR analysis; RESEARCH funding; SMOKING
- Publication
Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2023, Vol 21, p1
- ISSN
2070-7266
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.18332/tid/159624