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- Title
Characterization of human deoxyribonuclease I gene ( DNASE1) promoters reveals the utilization of two transcription-starting exons and the involvement of Sp1 in its transcriptional regulation.
- Authors
Kominato, Yoshihiko; Ueki, Misuzu; Iida, Reiko; Kawai, Yasuyuki; Nakajima, Tamiko; Makita, Chikako; Itoi, Masako; Tajima, Yutaka; Kishi, Koichiro; Yasuda, Toshihiro
- Abstract
Levels of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) activity in vivo have been shown to be altered by physiological and/or pathological processes. However, no information is available on the regulation of DNase I gene ( DNASE1) expression in vivo or in vitro. We first mapped the transcription start sites of DNASE1 in human pancreas and in the DNase I-producing human pancreatic cancer cell line QGP-1, and revealed a novel site ∼ 12 kb upstream of exon 1, which was previously believed to be the single transcription-starting exon. This initiation site marks an alternative starting exon, designated 1a. Exons 1 and 1a were used simultaneously as transcription-starting exons in pancreas and QGP-1 cells. Promoter assay, EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis with QGP-1 cells showed the promoter region of exon 1a in which the Sp1 transcription factor is specifically involved in promoter activity. This is the first to be identified as a transcription factor responsible for gene expression of vertebrate DNase I genes. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis indicated alternative splicing of human DNASE1 pre-mRNA in pancreas and QGP-1 cells. Only two transcripts among eight alternative splicing products identified can be translated to produce intact DNase I protein. These results suggest that human DNASE1 expression is regulated through the use of alternative promoter and alternative splicing.
- Subjects
DEOXYRIBONUCLEASES; EXONS (Genetics); GENETIC transcription; PROTEINS; CYTOLOGY
- Publication
FEBS Journal, 2006, Vol 273, Issue 13, p3094
- ISSN
1742-464X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05320.x