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- Title
Sharp bounds on causal effects in case-control and cohort studies.
- Authors
KUROKI, MANABU; ZHIHONG CAI; ZHI GENG
- Abstract
Evaluating the causal effect of an exposure on a response from case-control and cohort studies is a major concern in epidemiological and medical research. Since causal effects are in general nonidentifiable from such studies, this paper derives bounds on two causal measures: the causal risk difference and the causal risk ratio. We use the potential response approach and a linear programming method to derive sharp bounds on the causal risk difference, and a novel fractional programming method to derive bounds on the causal risk ratio. In addition, in the presence of missing data, we consider three different missingness mechanisms and propose sharp bounds under these situations. The results provide new guidance on causal inference in case-control and cohort studies.
- Subjects
MEDICAL research; COHORT analysis; LINEAR programming; DYNAMIC programming; VECTOR analysis
- Publication
Biometrika, 2010, Vol 97, Issue 1, p123
- ISSN
0006-3444
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/biomet/asp076