The article presents the discussion on discovered an as-yet unknown variety of stem celllike cells acting as templates to repair and regenerate damaged alveoli. Topics include respiratory airway secretory (RAS) cells playing an active role in blood–gas exchange in terminal bronchioles by reinforcing the integrity of the mucosal layer of the bronchioles; and bearing the potential to transform into alveolar type 2 cells, which augment repair of other damaged alveoli.