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- Title
Earth's anthrobiogeochemical copper cycle.
- Authors
Rauch, J. N.; Graedel, T. E.
- Abstract
An ‘anthrobiogeochemical’ copper cycle, from Earth's core to the Moon, combining natural biogeochemical and human anthropogenic stocks and flows is derived for the mid-1990s. Although some aspects of the quantification have moderate to high uncertainty, the anthropogenic mining, manufacturing, and use flows (on the order of 104 Gg Cu/yr) clearly dominate the cycle. In contrast, the natural repositories of Earth's core, mantle, and crust, and of the Moon, hold much higher stocks of copper (>1010 Gg) than do anthropogenic repositories (<106 Gg). The results indicate that the present anthropogenic rate of copper extraction exceeds the natural rate of renewal by ∼106.
- Subjects
BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; PREDICATE calculus; HUMAN geography; COPPER; CARBON cycle; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; METALS; MINES &; mineral resources
- Publication
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2007, Vol 21, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
0886-6236
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2006GB002850