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- Title
The Aerodynamics of New Design Soccer Balls Using a Three-Dimensional Printer.
- Authors
Hong, Sungchan; Goff, John Eric; Asai, Takeshi
- Abstract
Featured Application: Wind-tunnel tests of 3D-printed soccer balls with various surface features are used to create an equation that predicts the critical Reynolds number. Eight balls were manufactured with a 3D printer to resemble various types of 32-panel soccer balls. One ball was completely smooth, whereas the other seven possessed various dimple patterns on their surface panels. Seam width and seam depth were also varied. Wind-tunnel experiments were performed to extract aerodynamic coefficients, and also to determine the critical Reynolds number for each manufactured ball. A new surface roughness parameter is introduced, and a fitting formula is presented, which allows for the prediction of the critical Reynolds number if the new parameter is known.
- Subjects
3-D printers; BALLS (Sporting goods); AERODYNAMICS; REYNOLDS number; AERODYNAMIC load; WIND tunnels
- Publication
Applied Sciences (2076-3417), 2024, Vol 14, Issue 9, p3932
- ISSN
2076-3417
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/app14093932