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- Title
Effects of arsenite and dimethylarsenic on the growth and health of hydroponically grown commercial Doongara rice.
- Authors
Martin, Hayden P.; Maher, William A.; Snell, Peter; Philpot, Kim J.; Ellwood, Michael J.
- Abstract
Environmental context: Arsenic's effect on rice plant health is a critical environmental issue. This study reveals that rice plants absorb inorganic arsenic and dimethylarsenic differently, with dimethylarsenic posing a greater threat to rice plant health. These findings contribute to our understanding of arsenic toxicity in plants, highlighting the need for further research into detoxification strategies for dimethylarsenic. Rationale: Arsenic toxicity in plants, particularly the effects of different arsenic species, is not well understood. This study investigated the response of juvenile rice plants, grown hydroponically, to prolonged exposure to inorganic and dimethyl arsenic species. The hydroponic system removed complexity by eliminating soil processes. Methodology: The accumulation of inorganic As (Asi) and dimethylarsenic (DMA) in hydroponically grown rice was monitored for plants exposed to different As concentrations (0–6.7 µmol L−1). Dose–response experiments were conducted to compare the effects of As species on plant health in terms of growth. Results: Plants absorb Asi and DMA linearly, with faster Asi uptake than DMA. Asi exposure leads to higher As concentrations in roots and shoots than DMA. Despite more Asi in roots, its translocation to shoots is lower. Asi and DMA accumulation in shoots remains relatively constant at lower As concentrations. At the highest As concentration, more Asi and DMA accumulate in shoots. Exceeding 1.6 µmol L−1, Asi and DMA reduce plant height and biomass. Asi-exposed plants show little health differences except at the highest concentrations. DMA-exposed plants show more unhealthy instances above 1.6 µmol L−1. Discussion: DMA's lower uptake rate aligns with other rice species results, as do lower shoot and root translocation factors. Near constant As concentrations in shoots at low Asi concentrations suggest an Asi exposure threshold before plants lose their As sequestration ability, resulting in reduced growth. DMA exposure increases the number of unhealthy plants, suggesting a greater potential effect on plant health and fitness, differing from Asi-induced stress. Environmental context. Arsenic's effect on rice plant health is a critical environmental issue. This study reveals that rice plants absorb inorganic arsenic and dimethylarsenic differently, with dimethylarsenic posing a greater threat to rice plant health. These findings contribute to our understanding of arsenic toxicity in plants, highlighting the need for further research into detoxification strategies for dimethylarsenic.
- Subjects
PLANT translocation; RICE; ARSENIC poisoning; ARSENIC removal (Water purification); PLANT health; PLANT biomass; PLANT species
- Publication
Environmental Chemistry (14482517), 2024, Vol 21, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
1448-2517
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1071/EN23114