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- Title
Physische Gewalt als Herrschaftsmittel: Ein Vergleich dreier philippinischer Regionen.
- Authors
Kreuzer, Peter
- Abstract
This paper presents the core results of a research project on the role of physical violence in upholding political domination in several regions of the Philippines (Pampanga, Negros Occidental and Muslim Mindanao with a specific focus on Maguindanao). It distinguishes between horizontal violence employed in intra-elite competition for political and economic resources and vertical top-down violence employed against threats to the established order emanating from both civil society actors and rebel-groups. With respect to both forms of violence, there are significant differences between the regions depending on local structure. Increasing state strength and institutionalisation have not resulted in an overall avoidance of physical violence employed by the elite. Instead, forms as well as the role of state institutions and targets vary, depending on economic structure, level of development and local cultural peculiarities. Ruling oligarchic elites have proven to be highly adaptable to changing political and economic environments in all three regions. Despite formally securely established democratic institutions they have successfully defended their hegemonic control over variations of an order that can be characterised as a Mafia-style democracy where strongmen and political families utilise physical violence as a means of last resort for upholding or extending power.
- Subjects
PAMPANGA River Watershed (Philippines); MAGUINDANAO (Philippines); MINDANAO Island (Philippines); PHILIPPINES; PHILIPPINE politics &; government; POLITICAL violence; POWER (Social sciences); OLIGARCHY; HEGEMONY
- Publication
Zeitschrift für Agrargeschichte und Agrarsoziologie, 2017, Vol 65, Issue 2, p113
- ISSN
0044-2194
- Publication type
Article