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- Title
Biochar addition to soil highly increases P retention and decreases the risk of phosphate contamination of waters.
- Authors
Xu, Min; Wu, Jun; Yang, Gang; Zhang, Xiaohong; Peng, Hong; Yu, Xiaoyu; Xiao, Yinlong; Qi, Hui
- Abstract
Phosphorus loss from agricultural soils is an important cause of eutrophication. The diversity of soil conditions and biochar feedstocks induces various effects on P retention after biochar application. Here, the effect of biochars at three application rates (0/1/5%, w/w) on P sorption and desorption in paddy soil with two levels of P application, 0 and 60 mg kg−1, were evaluated. Results show a notable reduction of the phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC, AP (available P)/TP (total P)) with biochar addition, thus suppressing the risk of P loss by the formation of Ca-P and Fe-P. The Langmuir sorption maximum (Qm) increased by 20.7-21.6%, 18.5-40.6% and 14.1-31.2% in amendments of biochar obtained from pig manure, corn straw and pine, respectively. The P sorption index (PSI) and maximum buffer capacity (MBC) in soils with biochar obtained from different feedstocks ranged in order from pig manure > corn straw > pine. Pig manure biochar had no significant effect on P retention due to changes in Ca/Mg/P by adjusting the pH, electronegativity and P content, resulting in anion repulsion. However, pine-derived biochar was favorable for the accumulation of thermally stable carbon dominated by aromatic carbon as well as lower alkalinity, promoting P sorption and suppressing P availability, especially at low P levels. In this study, we show that adding woody biochar to soil can simultaneously suppress nonpoint source pollution and reduce P fertilizer inputs.
- Subjects
MANURES; BIOCHAR; WATER pollution; NONPOINT source pollution; RISK retention; CORN straw
- Publication
Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2019, Vol 17, Issue 1, p533
- ISSN
1610-3653
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10311-018-0802-z