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- Title
美国大学校园静态交通规划的经验与启示.
- Authors
陈子坚; 郑小梅
- Abstract
Static traffic problems, such as "difficult and chaotic parking," are becoming more and more pressing in campus planning. As the United States began exploring static traffic on campuses early, it has rich planning theory and practical experience. Based on the study and analysis of the updated planning documents and special traffic planning documents issued in recent years, three universities — Princeton University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Kentucky, which have more detailed static traffic planning information and good design practices, as well as a relatively independent campus traffic structure from urban traffic similar to that of China — are selected as research objects. Their characteristics and experiences of static traffic planning and design strategies of American campuses are systematically summarized as follows: (1) Systematic campus static traffic planning structure. A: Balanced static traffic demand management (index control method) + B: Reasonable static traffic planning and design (planning and design strategy) + C: Perfect static traffic management strategy (management control method). The three collaborate closely and give feedback to each other. In other words, they break through the planning to meet the parking demand only by increasing the parking facilities; switch to control parking demand through static traffic demand management in the traffic source; regulate parking behavior through a static traffic management strategy; and adjust the static traffic planning and design accordingly to improve overall traffic efficiency and optimize the environmental benefits of the campus. (2) Precise and quantitative research and analysis method. All relevant influencing factors are fully considered from the current situation analysis, demand forecast, strategy analysis, and strategy evaluation. Relevant data are collected to establish a database, a specially developed calculation model is used to quantify the future parking demand of the campus, and the benefits under different response strategies are calculated, simulated, and derived to support the rationality of strategy evaluation and planning decisions. (3) Comprehensive traffic demand management strategy. Reduce the use of private cars by advocating competitive alternative traffic modes, such as walking, bicycling, public transportation, carpooling, and car sharing and providing subsidies. At the same time, optimize the campus land-use model by increasing the supply of campus accommodation and combining or compounding the layout of campus teaching and accommodation functions so that daily travel can be comfortably accomplished by walking, thereby reducing the demand for motorized transportation and parking lots. (4) Reasonable static traffic planning and design pattern. A: Main traffic roads in the periphery of the central area + B: Large parking facilities in the periphery + C: Adequate small parking facilities in the central area + D: Bus system connecting the parking lot and the central teaching area + E: Convenient bicycle parking system + F: Clear parking guidance sign system, and indoor and outdoor interchange hubs as needed to improve travel efficiency, providing a static traffic planning pattern that guides parking in the periphery and protects walking in the central area. In this way, the land-use pattern of the campus is optimized, and the natural environment of the campus is improved. (5) Perfect static traffic management strategy. Operated and managed by an independent traffic management agency, a hierarchical parking management model is set up (usually according to proximity to the central teaching area, the differential rates from high to low, and different usage rights for students, teachers, employees and visitors), and strict parking regulations, such as parking time limits and fines for violations, are implemented to ensure the effective use of parking facilities and optimize commuting efficiency. In addition, several inspirations are proposed for static traffic planning of university campuses in China. The one-way linear design thinking adjustment is suggested, and multi-dimensional system design thinking is established to seek more solutions; the "one-size-fits-all" rough calculation according to the parking allocation index is changed, and the accurate quantitative parking demand prediction method is gradually explored; the adaptive traffic demand management strategy is introduced, and public transportation is advocated to reduce parking demand; the planning mode of mainly peripheral parking + park-and-ride hubs is explored, and static traffic planning and design strategies such as three-dimensional parking methods are explored to play the role of "coping with all motions by remaining motionless." In this way, static traffic management mechanisms and strategies are gradually improved. The Chinese approaches are explored through the experience of the United States, which can effectively solve the static traffic planning problems, focus on balancing traffic efficiency and environmental benefits, and gradually explore low-carbon and environmentally sustainable solutions.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE parking; PARKING facilities; CITY traffic; TRAFFIC patterns; PUBLIC transit; CAMPUS planning
- Publication
South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu, 2023, Issue 2, p48
- ISSN
1000-0232
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2023.02.006