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- Title
Are We Passing on Violence to the Next Generation?: Gender Norms and Gender-based Violence Attitudes among Early Adolescents in Indonesia.
- Authors
Mahendra, I. Gusti A. A.; Pinandari, Anggriyani Wahyu; Choiriyah, Ifta; Wilopo, Siswanto Agus
- Abstract
Intensification of gender norms during puberty affects adolescents' perceptions and behavior related to violence. This study examined the association between gender norms and gender-based violence (GBV) among early adolescents considering socio-ecological variables using cross-sectional data from 3,618 Indonesian Global Early Adolescent Study pupils. Chi-square tests with simple and multiple logistic regression analyses examined how different factors' levels predict GBV. Among boys, GBV attitudes were found high (53%). Furthermore, they also had high heteronormative expectations, threatened feelings, experiences of violence, porn access, and 5+ adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Logistic regression results revealed that adolescent boys having one or two scores of gender norms at the above-median are 1.3 times more likely to commit GBV and even 2.2 times higher if all were above median [AOR (CI) = 1.3 (1.1-1.6); 2.2 (1.7-2.8)], respectively. Boys, having 5+ ACEs, and stronger endorsement on heteronormative relationships were also more likely to commit GBV [AOR (CI) = 1.5 (1.3-1.7); 1.5 (1.2-1.9); 1.5 (1.3-1.7)], respectively. This research concluded that unequal gender norms intensified during puberty strongly correlate to attitudes towards GBV among early adolescents. Strengthening the individual aspects by providing a more conducive environment, such as comprehensive sexual education at school, is essential to prevent GBV.
- Subjects
INDONESIA; VIOLENCE; GENDER; SOCIAL norms; ATTITUDE (Psychology); TEENAGERS
- Publication
Kesmas: National Public Health Journal, 2021, Vol 16, Issue 4, p279
- ISSN
1907-7505
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.21109/kesmas.v16i4.4538