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- Title
The role of muscle disuse in muscular and cardiovascular fitness: A systematic review and meta‐regression.
- Authors
Casuso, Rafael A.; Huertas, Jesús R.; Aragón‐Vela, Jerónimo
- Abstract
We aimed to assess the effects of muscle disuse on muscle strength (MS), muscle mass (MM) and cardiovascular fitness. Databases were scrutinized to identify human studies assessing the effects of muscle disuse on both (1) MM and (2) maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and/or MS. Random‐effects meta‐analysis and meta‐regression with initial physical fitness and length of the protocol as a priori determined moderators were performed. We quantitatively analyzed 51 different studies, and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Data from the participants in 14 studies showed a decline in both VO2max (SMD: −0.93; 95% CI: −1.27 to −0.58) and MM (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.57 to −0.10). Data from 47 studies showed a decline in strength (−0.88; 95% CI: −1.04 to −0.73) and mass (SMD: −0.47; 95% CI: −0.58 to −0.36). MS loss was twice as high as MM loss, but differences existed between anatomical regions. Notably, meta‐regression analysis revealed that initial MS was inversely associated with MS decline. VO2max and MS decline to a higher extent than MM during muscle disuse. We reported a more profound strength loss in subjects with high muscular strength. This is physiologically relevant for athletes because their required muscular strength can profoundly decline during a period of muscle disuse. It should however be noted that a period of muscle disuse can have devastating consequences in old subjects with low muscular strength. Highlights: Disuse induces a greater decline in muscular and cardiovascular fitness than in muscle mass (MM).Initial fitness level is inversely associated with fitness decline but not with MM loss.Muscle strength loss is likely due to neural rather than muscular factors.The role of muscular factor on strength loss can change depending on the anatomical region.
- Subjects
WORLD Wide Web; SKELETAL muscle; RESEARCH funding; BODY composition; META-analysis; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; QUANTITATIVE research; MUSCLE strength; SYSTEMATIC reviews; MEDLINE; ODDS ratio; PHYSICAL fitness; MUSCULAR atrophy; ONLINE information services; CONFIDENCE intervals
- Publication
European Journal of Sport Science, 2024, Vol 24, Issue 6, p812
- ISSN
1746-1391
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ejsc.12093