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- Title
The mammalian amiloride-insensitive non-specific salt taste receptor is a vanilloid receptor-1 variant.
- Authors
Lyall, Vijay; Heck, Gerard L.; Vinnikova, Anna K.; Ghosh, Shobha; Phan, Tam-Hao T.; Alam, Rammy I.; Russell, Oneal F.; Malik, Shahbaz A.; Bigbee, John W.; DeSimone, John A.
- Abstract
The amiloride-insensitive salt taste receptor is the predominant transducer of salt taste in some mammalian species, including humans. The physiological, pharmacological and biochemical properties of the amiloride-insensitive salt taste receptor were investigated by RT-PCR, by the measurement of unilateral apical Na+ fluxes in polarized rat fungiform taste receptor cells and by chorda tympani taste nerve recordings. The chorda tympani responses to NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl and CaCl2 were recorded in Sprague-Dawley rats, and in wild-type and vanilloid receptor-1 (VR-1) knockout mice. The chorda tympani responses to mineral salts were monitored in the presence of vanilloids (resiniferatoxin and capsaicin), VR-1 antagonists (capsazepine and SB-366791), and at elevated temperatures. The results indicate that the amiloride-insensitive salt taste receptor is a constitutively active non-selective cation channel derived from the VR-1 gene. It accounts for all of the amiloride-insensitive chorda tympani taste nerve response to Na+ salts and part of the response to K+, NH4+ and Ca2+ salts. It is activated by vanilloids and temperature (> 38°C), and is inhibited by VR-1 antagonists. In the presence of vanilloids, external pH and ATP lower the temperature threshold of the channel. This allows for increased salt taste sensitivity without an increase in temperature. VR-1 knockout mice demonstrate no functional amiloride-insensitive salt taste receptor and no salt taste sensitivity to vanilloids and temperature. We conclude that the mammalian non-specific salt taste receptor is a VR-1 variant.
- Subjects
AMILORIDE; SALT; TASTE; SODIUM channels; CAPSAICIN; CATIONS; ADENOSINE triphosphate
- Publication
Journal of Physiology, 2004, Vol 558, Issue 1, p147
- ISSN
0022-3751
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1113/jphysiol.2004.065656