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- Title
Evolution of late-stage metastatic melanoma is dominated by aneuploidy and whole genome doubling.
- Authors
Vergara, Ismael A.; Mintoff, Christopher P.; Sandhu, Shahneen; McIntosh, Lachlan; Young, Richard J.; Wong, Stephen Q.; Colebatch, Andrew; Cameron, Daniel L.; Kwon, Julia Lai; Wolfe, Rory; Peng, Angela; Ellul, Jason; Dou, Xuelin; Fedele, Clare; Boyle, Samantha; Arnau, Gisela Mir; Raleigh, Jeanette; Hatzimihalis, Athena; Szeto, Pacman; Mooi, Jennifer
- Abstract
Although melanoma is initiated by acquisition of point mutations and limited focal copy number alterations in melanocytes-of-origin, the nature of genetic changes that characterise lethal metastatic disease is poorly understood. Here, we analyze the evolution of human melanoma progressing from early to late disease in 13 patients by sampling their tumours at multiple sites and times. Whole exome and genome sequencing data from 88 tumour samples reveals only limited gain of point mutations generally, with net mutational loss in some metastases. In contrast, melanoma evolution is dominated by whole genome doubling and large-scale aneuploidy, in which widespread loss of heterozygosity sculpts the burden of point mutations, neoantigens and structural variants even in treatment-naïve and primary cutaneous melanomas in some patients. These results imply that dysregulation of genomic integrity is a key driver of selective clonal advantage during melanoma progression. The genetic changes that occur in late stage metastatic melanoma are not well delineated. Here, the authors use rapid autopsy samples from metastatic melanoma patients and show that the late stage in the disease is characterised by whole genome doubling and aneuploidy.
- Subjects
ANEUPLOIDY; MELANOMA; BRAF genes; METASTASIS; GENOMES; HUMAN evolution; HETEROZYGOSITY
- Publication
Nature Communications, 2021, Vol 12, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2041-1723
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s41467-021-21576-8