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- Title
Split‐nitrogen application with cover cropping reduces subsurface nitrate losses while maintaining corn yields.
- Authors
Preza‐Fontes, Giovani; Pittelkow, Cameron M.; Greer, Kristin D.; Bhattarai, Rabin; Christianson, Laura E.
- Abstract
Artificial subsurface drainage is essential to sustain crop production in many areas but may also impair water quality by exacerbating nitrate (NO3)–nitrogen (N) delivery downstream. Cover crops and split‐N application have been promoted as key conservation practices for reducing NO3–N losses, but few studies have simultaneously assessed their effect on water quality and crop productivity. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of N application timing and cover crops on subsurface drainage NO3–N losses and grain yield in continuous corn (Zea mays L.). Treatments were preplant‐N: 224 kg N ha–1 split‐applied with 60% fall + 40% preplant in 2018, or as single preplant applications in 2019 and 2020; split‐N: 40% preplant + 60% side‐dress (V6–V7); split‐N + cover crop (CC): Split‐N + cereal rye (Secale cereale L.); and a zero N plot as the control. Across the 3‐yr study period, split‐N + CC significantly reduced flow‐weighted NO3–N concentration and NO3–N loss by 35 and 37%, respectively, compared with preplant‐N. However, flow‐weighted NO3–N concentration (4.3 mg L–1) and NO3–N loss (22.4 kg ha–1) with split‐N were not significantly different from either preplant‐N (4.8 mg L–1 and 26.4 kg ha–1, respectively) or split‐N + CC (3.1 mg L–1 and 16.7 kg ha–1, respectively). Corn yield was significantly lower in the control treatment but did not differ among N fertilized treatments in any year. These results indicate that combining split‐N application with cover crops holds promise for meeting the statewide interim milestone NO3–N reduction target of 15% by 2025 without negatively impacting crop productivity. Core Ideas: Water quality and yield impacts of N timing and cover crop were assessed for 3 yr.Cover crop biomass and N uptake were low when growing conditions were poor.Split‐N application did not reduce N losses compared with preplant‐N.Split‐N + cover crop reduced N losses compared with preplant‐N but not split‐N alone.Grain yield was not affected by N application timing or cover crop.
- Subjects
RYE; ENERGY crops; SUBSURFACE drainage; COVER crops; AGRICULTURAL productivity; CORN
- Publication
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2021, Vol 50, Issue 6, p1408
- ISSN
0047-2425
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/jeq2.20283