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- Title
Nutritional and Glycemic Properties of Brown and White Rice Flakes "Upma".
- Authors
Shobana, Shanmugam; Gopinath, Viswanathan; Kavitha, Vasudevan; Kalpana, Natarajan; Vijayalakshmi, Parthasarathy; Gayathri, Rajagopal; R., Mookambika Ramya Bai; Ganeshjeevan, Raman; Malleshi, Nagappa Gurusiddappa; Unnikrishnan, Ranjit; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Henry, Christiani Jeyakumar; Krishnaswamy, Kamala; Sudha, Vasudevan; Mohan, Viswanathan
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: Beaten or flattened rice (flakes) is very popular in India for preparing the meal "upma." Commonly marketed rice flakes are fiber depleted, starchy, and may be nutritionally poor. Hence, this study aimed at preparing brown rice flakes (BRF) for such "upma" preparation and compared the nutritional and glycemic properties of it with those of white rice flakes (WRF). Materials and Methods: Flakes were prepared from brown rice (BR, ADT-45 variety) by steaming and flattening using a roller flaker. The BRF and commercial WRF were analyzed for nutrient composition, and upma prepared from both the flakes was evaluated for glycemic index (GI) in normal healthy volunteers by using a validated protocol. Results: BRF contained significantly higher (6.2 g%) dietary fiber as compared with WRF (1.8 g%, P < 0.001). Stereo-zoom microscopic examination of BRF revealed retention of bran and germ. BRF was thicker, firmer, and had a lower surface area compared with WRF. BRF upma exhibited medium GI (63.3 ± 6.2), whereas WRF upma showed high GI (70.4 ± 5.6), though the GI values were not statistically significant. Interpretation and Conclusions: BRF upma, a medium GI category meal choice, could be considered a healthier option compared to high GI WRF upma considering the nutritional profile. The BRF described in the study is easy to cook and suitable enough to replace WRF. More trials are required to design and devise innovative protocols for the preparation of BRF with significantly lower glycemic properties.
- Subjects
RICE; SNACK foods; HEAT; DIETARY fiber; NUTRITION; COOKING; NUTRITIONAL requirements; GLYCEMIC index; NATURAL foods; NUTRITIONAL status
- Publication
Journal of Diabetology: Official Journal of Diabetes in Asia Study Group, 2022, Vol 13, Issue 1, p49
- ISSN
2543-3288
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.4103/jod.jod_91_21