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- Title
Diabetic retinopathy is associated with the presence and burden of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes.
- Authors
Carbonell, Marc; Castelblanco, Esmeralda; Valldeperas, Xavier; Betriu, Àngels; Traveset, Alícia; Granado-Casas, Minerva; Hernández, Marta; Vázquez, Federico; Martín, Mariona; Rubinat, Esther; Lecube, Albert; Franch-Nadal, Josep; Fernández, Elvira; Puig-Domingo, Manel; Avogaro, Angelo; Alonso, Núria; Mauricio, Dídac
- Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular (CV) disease due to atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adult patients with diabetes, either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to assess the association of the frequency and the burden of subclinical carotid atherosclerotic disease in patients with type 1 diabetes according to the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 340 patients with type 1 diabetes (41.5% with DR), and in 304 non-diabetic individuals. All participants were free from previous CV disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). B-mode carotid ultrasound imaging was performed in all the study subjects. Patients with type 1 diabetes underwent a full eye examination, and DR patients were divided into two groups: mild disease and advanced disease. Results: In the group of patients with type 1 diabetes, the percentage of patients with carotid plaques was higher in those with DR compared with those without DR (44.7% vs. 24.1%, p < 0.001). Patients with DR also presented a higher incidence of ≥ 2 carotid plaques (25.5% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001). Apart from other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the presence of advanced stages of DR was independently associated with the presence (p = 0.044) and the burden (≥ 2 carotid plaques; p = 0.009) of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Conclusions: In patients with type 1 diabetes without previous CV disease or established CKD, the presence of advanced stages of DR is associated with a higher atherosclerotic burden in the carotid arteries. The presence of DR identifies patients at risk for carotid atherosclerotic disease.
- Subjects
DIABETIC retinopathy; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; TYPE 1 diabetes; TYPE 2 diabetes; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases; MORTALITY; KIDNEY diseases; CAROTID artery diseases
- Publication
Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2018, Vol 17, Issue 1, pN.PAG
- ISSN
1475-2840
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12933-018-0706-z