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- Title
OFFSHORE DRILLING AND UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE: A REVIEW OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS.
- Authors
Iasonos, Achilleas
- Abstract
This article charts the development of international frameworks relevant to the protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage1 (UCH) in the deep waters of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf, with the second part presenting an analysis of different national laws pertaining to how different States of the European Economic Area and elsewhere are using their national frameworks to ensure the effective protection of UCH in the deep waters of the EEZ. The States were selected because they are currently active in oil and gas explorations in deep waters with the overreaching argument of the article pertaining to different maritime States operating, managing and legally asserting control over deep-sea UCH in the EEZ and on the continental shelf in more or less the same way. The end argument of this article postulates that national heritage, environmental and hydrocarbon/petroleum laws, as well as other soft policies of different States and international frameworks operate at a high level and therefore lack the technical specifications necessary for discovering, surveying, reporting and preserving in situ archaeological/historical assets found accidentally during the course of oil and gas surveys in the maritime zones of the EEZ and continental shelf. In the light of this observation, it is therefore incumbent to advocate further for the development of the necessary industry by-standards, as archaeological/historic assets discovered accidentally in proximity to offshore development sites are in immediate danger from offshore drilling activities and other related by processes.
- Subjects
EUROPEAN Economic Area; UNDERWATER drilling; CULTURAL property; CONTINENTAL shelf; PROTECTION of cultural property; SOFT law; PETROLEUM prospecting; TECHNICAL specifications
- Publication
Art, Antiquity & Law, 2024, Vol 29, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1362-2331
- Publication type
Article