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- Title
High active cupric oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide (CuO@rGO) composite nanomaterials for catalytic reduction of nitroarenes to arylamines.
- Authors
Mallik, Tapas; Ghosh, Srabanti; Roy, Babli; Ekka, Deepak
- Abstract
The active sites of CuO@rGO composite nanomaterials are resolved by the synthetic modes that enhance carrier mobility. In this study, a legitimate composite nanomaterial of cupric oxide with reduced graphene oxide (CuO@rGO) has been synthesised by in-situ chemical reduction of a mixture of graphene oxide and CuO nanoparticles. The graphene oxide nanosheet and CuO nanoparticle respectively have been prepared by the modified Hummers method and sol–gel method (using healthy and environment-friendly D-dextrose as a reducing agent). The average size 24.5 nm (FESEM), hydrodynamic size 412.8 nm (DLS) and 001 index FCC pattern (XRD) prove the well-defined CuO nanoparticles. FT-IR spectra (presence of C=C, C–O–C and R–O bond), FESEM morphology and EDX blueprint (maximum Cu2+ ions) are strongly establishing the formation of the nanocomposite. TEM morphology also exhibits the well incorporation of CuO nanoparticles (size ≈ 22 nm and d ≈ 0.25 nm) with rGO nanosheets. In reduction (pale-yellow nitroarenes changed to colourless), the catalytic efficiency (%) of an active surface of CuO@rGO is 76.5, 78.4, 75.2 and 65.4 for nitrobenzene (20 min, λmax = 235 nm), p-nitroaniline (10 min, λmax = 306 nm), o-nitroaniline (15 min, λmax = 284–294 nm), and 2,4-DNPH (30 min, λmax = 300 nm) respectively up to five cycles in the presence of aqueous NaBH4 (reductive agent). The reductions are kinetically favourable and follow pseudo first-order kinetics with rate constant (min−1) are 6.72 × 10−2, 4.75 × 10−2, 2.75 × 10−2, and 6.23 × 10−3 for nitrobenzene, p-nitroaniline o-nitroaniline and 2,4-DNPH, respectively. The nanocomposite is mesoporous and shows type-IV adsorption isotherm (BET).
- Subjects
CATALYTIC reduction; NITROAROMATIC compounds; NANOSTRUCTURED materials; AROMATIC amines; NANOPARTICLES; GRAPHENE oxide
- Publication
Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2024, Vol 50, Issue 4, p1579
- ISSN
0922-6168
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11164-024-05227-3