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- Title
LEVELS ISSUES IN THEORY DEVELOPMENT, DATA COLLECTION, AND ANALYSIS.
- Authors
Klein, Katherine J.; Dansereau, Fred; Hall, Rosalie I.
- Abstract
Despite past entreaties to organizational theorists and researchers to address levels issues more carefully, levels issues continue to arouse confusion and controversy within the organizational literature. We highlight three alternative assumptions that underlie the specification of levels of theory throughout organizational behavior: (a) homogeneity within higher level units, (b) independence from higher level units, and (c) heterogeneity within higher level units. These assumptions influence the nature of theoretical constructs and propositions and should, ideally, also influence data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Greater attention to levels issues will strengthen organizational theory development and research.
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL research; ORGANIZATIONAL behavior research; PREFERENCE heterogeneity; ORGANIZATIONAL sociology research; COMMUNICATION &; culture; ORGANIZATIONAL change; SOCIAL science research; ORGANIZATIONAL structure; BUREAUCRATIZATION; SCALING (Social sciences); GROUP decision making; INDUSTRIAL psychology
- Publication
Academy of Management Review, 1994, Vol 19, Issue 2, p195
- ISSN
0363-7425
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5465/AMR.1994.9410210745