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- Title
İKİ BASAMAKLI TEPKİME İLE SIVI OZUTLEMELİ YÖNTEM KULLANARAK FINDIK TOHUM KABUKLARINDAN FURFURAL ÜRETİMİ İÇİN EN UYGUN KOŞULLARIN İSTATİSTİK YÖNTEM İLE BELİRLENMESİ
- Authors
MUTLU, S. Ferda
- Abstract
Hazelnut seed shells are suitable agricultural waste for furfural production because of its 25-30 percent pentosan content. In this research production of furfural from hazelnut shells by using two steps reactions with o-nitrotolene extraction method and a statistical model was developed to express the furfural production rate. In the first step of furfural production, milled and sieved hazelnut shells were hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to its pentoses at boiling point of water during 4 hours. In the second step, pentoses were converted to furfural by means of a high temperature dehydration process. Produced furfural was extracted with periodic agitation to o-nitrotoluene phase. Experimental design was carried out by using Box-Wilson experimental design method for two independent variables, namely sulphuric acid concentration and temperature whose ranges were selected as (3-7 %) and (160-190°C) respectively. Optimum conditions for the maximum furfural production rates (0.3079 g furfural / h-g xylose) were found as 177.7 °C and at 4.00 % (g/100 mL) sulphuric acid concentration by using developed model and maximum furfural conversion yield of hazelnut pentosans were found as 60 % at these optimum conditions.
- Subjects
MANUFACTURING processes; FURFURAL; ALDEHYDES; HAZELNUTS; MATHEMATICAL optimization
- Publication
Journal of the Faculty of Engineering & Architecture of Gazi University / Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi,, 2010, Vol 25, Issue 1, p21
- ISSN
1300-1884
- Publication type
Article