We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
Atmospheric dispersion of current-use pesticides: a review of the evidence from monitoring studies
- Authors
Guicherit, Robert; van Dijk, Harrie F. G.
- Abstract
Recently, evidence has accumulated that the extensive use of modern pesticides results in their presence in the atmosphere at many placesthroughout the world. In Europe over 80 current-use pesticides have been detected in rain and 30 in air. Similar observations have been made in North America. The compounds most often looked for and detected are the organochlorine insecticide lindane and triazine herbicides,especially atrazine. However, acetanilide and phenoxyacid herbicides, as well as organophosphorus insecticides have also frequently been found in rain and air. Concentrations in air normally range from a few pg/m3 to many ng/m3. Concentrations in rain generally range from a few ng/L to several microg/L. In fog even higher concentrations are observed. Deposition varies between a few mg/ha/y and more than 1 g/ha/y per compound. However, these estimates are usually based on the collection and analysis of (bulk) precipitation and do not include dry particle deposition and gas exchange. Nevertheless, model calculations, analysis of plant tissue, and first attemptsto measure dry deposition in a more representative way, all indicatethat total atmospheric deposition probably does not normally exceed a few g/ha/y. So far, little attention has been paid to the presence of transformation products of modern pesticides in the atmosphere, with the exception of those of triazine herbicides, which have been looked for and found frequently. Generally, current-use pesticides are only detected at elevated concentrations in air and rain during the application season. The less volatile and more persistent ones, such aslindane, but to some extent also triazines, are present in the atmosphere in low concentrations throughout the year. In agricultural areas, the presence of modern pesticides in the atmosphere can be explained by the crops grown and pesticides used on them. They are also found in the air and rain in areas where they are not used, sometimes even in
- Subjects
LIMNOLOGY; INSECTICIDES; PESTICIDES; ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; METEOROLOGICAL precipitation; AIR quality indexes; AGRICULTURE; HERBAL medicine
- Publication
Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 1999, Vol 115, Issue 1-4, p21
- ISSN
0049-6979
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1023/A:1005238703698