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- Title
Walkability and its association with prevalent and incident diabetes among adults in different regions of Germany: results of pooled data from five German cohorts.
- Authors
Kartschmit, Nadja; Sutcliffe, Robynne; Sheldon, Mark Patrick; Moebus, Susanne; Greiser, Karin Halina; Hartwig, Saskia; Thürkow, Detlef; Stentzel, Ulrike; van den Berg, Neeltje; Wolf, Kathrin; Maier, Werner; Peters, Annette; Ahmed, Salman; Köhnke, Corinna; Mikolajczyk, Rafael; Wienke, Andreas; Kluttig, Alexander; Rudge, Gavin
- Abstract
Background: Highly walkable neighbourhoods may increase transport-related and leisure-time physical activity and thus decrease the risk for obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We investigated the association between walkability and prevalent/incident T2D in a pooled sample from five German cohorts. Three walkability measures were assigned to participant's addresses: number of transit stations, points of interest, and impedance (restrictions to walking due to absence of intersections and physical barriers) within 640 m. We estimated associations between walkability and prevalent/incident T2D with modified Poisson regressions and adjusted for education, sex, age at baseline, and cohort. Results: Of the baseline 16,008 participants, 1256 participants had prevalent T2D. Participants free from T2D at baseline were followed over a mean of 9.2 years (SD: 3.5, minimum: 1.6, maximum: 14.8 years). Of these, 1032 participants developed T2D. The three walkability measures were not associated with T2D. The estimates pointed toward a zero effect or were within 7% relative risk increase per 1 standard deviation with 95% confidence intervals including 1. Conclusion: In the studied German settings, walkability differences might not explain differences in T2D.
- Subjects
GERMANY; TYPE 2 diabetes prevention; TYPE 2 diabetes risk factors; AGE distribution; CONFIDENCE intervals; LONGITUDINAL method; TYPE 2 diabetes; POISSON distribution; REGRESSION analysis; RISK assessment; SEX distribution; WALKING; EDUCATIONAL attainment; DISEASE incidence; DISEASE prevalence; PHYSICAL activity; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
BMC Endocrine Disorders, 2020, Vol 20, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1472-6823
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12902-019-0485-x